data communication and computer networks pdf in hindi

It is the topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically.

Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a computer or biological network.

Topology: The geometrical arrangement of the computers or nodes.

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Note: The Internet (Network of networks) is a system of linked networks that are worldwide in scope and facilitate data communication services such as remote login, file transfer, electronic mail, World Wide Web and newsgroups, etc. A Wide Area Network (WAN) spans a large geographical area often a country, provides no limitof distance.MAN provides regional connectivity within a campus or small geographical area like cable television networks in the city.A local area network is a relatively smaller and privately owned network with a maximum span of 10 km.

LAN is a privately owned network within a single building or campus.Mainly three types of network based on their coverage areas: LAN, MAN, and WAN. Multicast: One device sends the message to a certain group of devices on the network.The message is sent to an address reserved for this goal. Broadcast: One device sends the message to all other devices on the network.Unicast: One device sends the message to the other to its address.Software: It includes a set of protocols (nothing but a set of rules)Ī message can be delivered in the following ways:.Hardware: It includes a physical connection (using an adapter, cable, router, bridge, etc).Communication Channel ( Telephone Cables).Computer Networks mean an interconnected set of autonomous systems that permits distributed processing of information.

Data communication and computer networks pdf in hindi